St. Jerome

Jerome, also known as Jerome of Stridon, was a Christian priest, confessor, theologian, and historian, commonly known as Saint Jerome. Jerome was known for his teachings on Christian moral life, especially to those living in cosmopolitan centers such as Rome.

In many cases, he focused his attention on women’s lives and identified how a woman devoted to Jesus should live her life. This focus stemmed from his close patron relationships with several prominent female abstainers who were members of affluent senatorial families.

Due to Jerome’s work, he is recognized as a saint and Doctor of the Church by the Catholic Church and a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Lutheran Church, and the Anglican Communion. His feast day is September 30th on the Gregorian calendar.

Early Life

Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus was born at Stridon around 342–347 AD. He was of Illyrian ancestry, although whether he could speak the Illyrian language is a subject of controversy. He was not baptized until about 360–369 in Rome, where he had gone with his friend Bonosus of Sardica to pursue rhetorical and philosophical studies. Jerome studied under the grammarian Aelius Donatus. He learned Latin and some Greek there, though he probably did not yet acquire the familiarity with Greek literature that he later claimed to have developed as a schoolboy.

Conversion to Christianity

Although initially skeptical of Christianity, he eventually converted. Seized with a desire for a life of ascetic penance, Jerome went for a time to the desert of Chalcis, to the southeast of Antioch, known as the “Syrian Thebaid” from the number of eremites inhabiting it. During this period, he seems to have found time for studying and writing. He made his first attempt to learn Hebrew under the guidance of a converted Jew, and he seems to have been in correspondence with Jewish Christians in Antioch. Around this time, he had copied for him a Hebrew Gospel, of which fragments are preserved in his notes. It is known today as the Gospel of the Hebrews, which the Nazarenes considered the true Gospel of Matthew. Jerome translated parts of this Hebrew Gospel into Greek.

Works

Jerome was a scholar when that statement implied fluency in Greek. When he started translating the Bible, he knew some Hebrew but moved to Jerusalem to strengthen his grip on Jewish scripture commentary. Paula, a wealthy Roman aristocrat, funded his stay in a monastery in Bethlehem and completed his translation there. He began in 382 by correcting the existing Latin-language version of the New Testament, commonly referred to as the Vetus Latina.

By 390, he translated the Hebrew Bible from the original Hebrew, having previously translated portions from the Septuagint, which came from Alexandria. Jerome is the second most voluminous writer in ancient Latin Christianity after Augustine of Hippo. He is recognized as the patron saint of translators, librarians, and encyclopedists in the Catholic Church. In art, he’s often depicted as a lion or owl. Jerome died in Bethlehem in 420 A.D., at around 73 to 78 years old.

Back to Search Results